On the contrary. But that's a different definition of "library" than most of us inferred from your original post.
You can write code in C, C++, or some other compiled language, make it into a shared library, and integrate it with PHP. That would be the equivalent, I think, of a DLL in the Microsoft world. There are sample code stubs in the PHP source tree and some (but not much) documentation. Generally that approach is used to add functionality such as the XML parser or database connectivity.
Since PHP is compiled into intermediate code at runtime, it doesn't make binaries. But you do have the option of buying the Zend cache technology, which looks to me to be reasonably priced -- if you're really serving so many pages that you need it, you can afford it.