Unlike include(), require() will always read in the target file, even if the line it's on never executes. If you want to conditionally include a file, use include(). The conditional statement won't affect the require(). However, if the line on which the require() occurs is not executed, neither will any of the code in the target file be executed.
^ From the manual ^
Pretty much what Ken said.
Require will "include" the file you specify whatever, include only "includes" the file if a statement is true.
I use include to verify users from a cookie.
if ($cookievalue == "somevalue") {include "../cgi-bin/connect.inc";}
else {echo "Invalid user"; exit;}
Something like that at any rate.
If I tried
if ($cookievalue == "somevalue") {require "../cgi-bin/connect.inc";}
else {echo "Invalid user"; exit;}
everyone would have access, hope that makes more sense now.