I was going to answer this with Perl-style regexps using lookbehind assertions and said:
(?<!http:\/\/)
noting that forward slashes need to be escaped, but then I settled on the more straightforward
[h][t][t][p][:][/][/]
"Not an h, followed by not a t, followed by not a t..."
which shows that even real regexps are up to the task, as well as POSIX-style ereg ones and Perl-style preg ones. (Would you believe that real regular expressions can't do back references?)