i don't really get your point, but as a little explanation:
1.) http://domain.com/test.php?id=123, means that the browser runs the php script test.php on the server domain.com and passes the var id with the value of 123
2.)http://domain.com/?id=123/test.php, is impossible because first the browser runs the index.php on the server domain.com passes the var with the value of 123 and then tries to reach a different file called test.php. this would give an error on the server
3.)http://domain.com/123/test.php, would again run the script test.php on the server domain.com WITHOUT passing any var and so WITHOUT any value for it. And the 123 means that the script is located in the directoryy on the webserver called 123. it is no value for the var id as in the exaples before.
regards ali