I dont think so.
You can only check a files size, using PHP, when the file is on the actual server. That means the file needs to be uploaded.
What are you actually trying to acheive??
If you have control over it, you could increase the max_upload_size and then check the file once it has been uploaded (deleting it if it is too big).
Another option would be using Javascript. I am pretty sure that it has functions for that sort of thing.