That function is a PHP highlighter, not an html highlighter, per se. As such, it uses the PHP syntax highlighter. Your best bet is just to remove the <?PHP and ?> tags from the string after you run it though highlight_string.
Use the OB functions to capture the function output into a string:
ob_start();
highlight_string($myString);
$myColoredString = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
Then remove the unwanted PHP tags:
$beginTagPos = strpos ($myColoredString,"<?");
$endTagPos = strrpos ($myColoredString,"?>");
$myCleanColoredString = substr($myColoredString, 0, $beginTagPos ) . substr($myColoredString, $beginTagPos + 5, $endTagPos - ($beginTagPos + 5) ) . substr($myColoredString, $endTagPos + 5);
Or something to that affect. Play with the math...