miles_rich,
this checks if it can SET a variable:
if($foo = 'bar')
{
# variable $foo set successful as bar
}
this checks if a variable is SET to some value:
if($foo == 'bar')
{
# $foo is equal to bar
}
this checks if a variable is EMPTY:
if(!$foo)
{
# the variable $foo is empty
}
another example of how to check if a variable is EMPTY:
if($foo == '')
{
# the variable $foo is empty
}
Good luck.