Well there do exist date data type in MySQL but personally I prefer storing unix timestamp.
It is actually a good idea to have PHP give the timestamp and the database and the script itself might be on different servers and hence have different times, then care will have to be taken regarding the difference, which if you pass the timestamp returned by PHP function time(), that can be taken care of more easily.
$tm=time();
then use $tm in sql query.
anyway,
if you still wanna use MySQL functions, see documentations of:-
CURTIME()
CURDATE()
UNIX_TIMESTAMP()
on MySQL.com