There is no difference between variants 2, 3 and 4.
There also is no difference between <? and <?php.
Take a look at the generated html source code, so you will see, that the commands 2,3 and 4 produces the same output (html code).
If you want to use variant 1, I think it is better to omit the whole 'action=""' directive like
<form name="whatever">
</form>