Well basically this is it...
If you send variables through a get request (like at the end of a url) then you can refer to the variable as
$_GET['variablename'];
And if its a post request you can refer to it as...
$_POST['variablename'];
That should solve most of your initial problems.
you can also use the ever popular ...
ini_set("register_globals", 1);
At the top of your script which will make the script run with register_globals on.