Howdy,
If I understand the question, then my answer is sure! But you're gonna use a little HTML and JavaScript, not PHP, per se.
First, the button is no longer a 'submit' button, tho it looks just like one.
<input type=button name="mybutton"......
rather than
<input type=submit name="mybutton"......
then, use a JS function inside the button, tied to the 'onClick' event:
...onClick="location='myscript.php?id=1001';">
So, in total:
<input type=button name="mybutton" value="whatever" onClick="location='myscript.php?id=1001';">
HTH!