Absolutely.
I am trying this myself, although I am trying to push my data / tables from Access to MySQL. I'm having problems with the primary keys being lost after exporting, but I'm working on it.
However, if you create your tables and relationships in MySQL, you can access them all in MS Access as linked tables. This way, you can build the queries you need in Access, but all the data is stored in MySQL.
I have only just begun working with this, and I am using Office XP Professional, so I don't know what older versions are able to do this. You first have to install MyODBC, which you can get from here. Once you have that set up, from within Access you simply click File...Get External Data>... Link Tables. It's pretty straightforward, and you can figure out how to do it by RTFM.
Seems pretty cool so far, and can be a nice way to edit your data if you don't want to create a PHP page to do so.