adding a variable that is pre defined
for example
a button contains the action
"show_cart.php?new=$isbn"
then the isbn is in the $new variable on the show_cart page.
The dot is an operator that adds what follows to what preceeds.
for examle:
$a .= $b this equlas $a = $a . $b
John.adams=johnadams
it's used to join strings or other data together.
*note: it's not addition
Does this help?