not really, if its phpinclude then there must be some kind of path .. here's another example.
if the file that has an include is in /directory/file.php then you could do:
<?php
chdir("../");
include("header.php");
echo "my content";
include("footer.php")
?>
if there are more includes pointing to the same directory then chdir(); works great so you don't have to keep doing /path/to/file/
however, if you have other include to other directories then it can get a bit more complicated. as you will have to put more chdir(); so it changes to the directory that you want.
either way, you will need some kind of path. i always do ../../../file.php when including.