CGI-BIN, where to start.
CGI (Common Gateway Interface) is a distinct way to run programms on a web server. These programs can be written in different languages but must be supported by the server. Perl is a very common CGI language and so is C (from what I hear).
The CGI-BIN is a directory, usually at root level where CGI scripts can be run. This directive is set up in the APACHE config file.
Creating a CGI-BIN directory at the root level does not automatically give you the ability to run cgi scripts.
NOW...
PHP can usually run from any directory on the server, but it does depend how apache(and the OS) is set up.
Hope that helps.