I think what you are trying to do (or what you asking for) is how to link tables together using relationships.
What you really need to do is go get yourself a book on Database design and normalization. There's squillions for sale on Amazon.com and it will be money very well spent.
There's also heaps of web resources on Database design that you can look at too:
Database design and normalisation techniques
But just to get you started, what I think you need to do is create relationships between your tables using Primary and Foreign keys. This way you can keep data in your tables normalised. As you said, a normalisation technique is to remove repeating data into a seperate table and link it back to the parent table by storing the parent's primary key as a foreign key in the new table.
This will remove redundant data, and allow you to still link together the tables if you need to join the data back together in a query.
If you get a good book you can learn about it in depth, and heaps of other database design techniques and will be a good resource for the future too.
k, hope that helps
-Adam 🙂