I haven't tried or tested it, but I think that's probably similar to what you want to do. Maybe someone else can clean it up some more.
$department('dept1', 'dept2', 'dept3');
for ($i = 0; $i < $arraysize; $i++) {
$query = "SELECT * FROM table WHERE department = ".$department[$i].";";
$result = mysql_query($query, $connection) or die($die);
mysql_count_rows($result);
echo $statements;
}