well, my guess through quickly looking for param() in perldoc.com is that its short for parameter. So its checking if parameter "username" exists.
i think what you might be looking for is isset()
quick description "Determine whether a variable is set"
this variable can be a querystring in a URL, a regular $var, a session, etc.... in you case you might use it like this:
$username =
more info on isset() here:
http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.isset.php
hmm.. now that i re-read the question.. you might be looking for getting a parameter as opposed to see if the parameter is set.
In that case, depending on how you are getting the parameter (querystring in URL, POST/GET from form, $var from function/class, cookies or session) then you have different code.
quick list:
file.php?name=value
$var = $_REQUEST['name'];
echo $var; // output: value
//form stuff.... POST method
<input type="text" name="name">
$var = $POST['name'];
echo $var; // output: value
// note: for GET method form, chance $POST to $_GET
cookies and sessions are similar to above code....
look at predefined variables:
http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.predefined.php
hope that's what you're looking for.