Basically, you are working with query strings.
Normally (though I believe you can change it, to screw up other people's scripts 😛),
'?', a question mark, denotes the start of the query string.
'&', an ampersand, separates the name/value pairs.
A name/value pair is of the form:
name=value
Especially since the values themselves can contain ampersands (etc), one would normally urlencode them using [man]rawurlencode/man or [man]urlencode/man.
Also, the ampersands might be displayed in html as , to avoid possible confusion with other special characters, though they will of course be converted to te ampersand character.
To access the name/value pairs, one uses the $GET array.
For example, $GET['name'] could contain the string "value".