A general questions deservies only a ngeneral answer :-)
with mysql, it's better usually to get results and process them afterward with your scripting language. if you know preg_match() and preg_match_all(), you have a lot of power available. Also stristr().
In MYSQL, you can use WHERE FieldName LIKE '%something%', and you can also use REGEX. You mention you want to return values where something is in common. Well, you need the two fields, and also the seed, since in my reply to you, if you broke it up into chunks of 3 parts, there are hundreds of "things in common", but if my seed was the word 'the', then there might be a commonality and there might not.
Search the String functions in mysql
http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/index.html