First off, you select the date_created field from the database by referencing it's unique identifier (also commonly known as an ID). Here is an example of one of my tables.
CREATE TABLE newsPosts (
ID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT DEFAULT '0' PRIMARY KEY,
newsHeadline VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
newsDate TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
newsPostedBy VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
newsPost TEXT NOT NULL);
The ID in this table is my unique identifier. To use this, I would have a script that first cycles through all of my rows and outputs a link with the identifier, such as:
$SQL = "SELECT ID, newsHeadline FROM newsPosts";
$myResult = mysql_query($SQL, $db);
while(list($ID, $newsHeadline) = mysql_fetch_array($myResult))
{
echo "<a href=\"news.php?ID=$ID\">$newsHeadline</a>\r";
}
When you click one of the links, it takes you to news.php. From there, you can write code which will pull out the post which is related to that ID.
$SQL = "SELECT newsHeadline, newsPostedBy, newsPost FROM newsPosts WHERE ID='$_GET[ID]'";
/*...rest of code here */
I think this is what you are looking for. You might want to read up on the WHERE clause in the MySQL manual for more information. There are also many tutorials (and I'm sure some on this site) that can give you a run down on how to do this.
As for the date_format function, that is a MySQL function, not a PHP one. An example from the table I showed above would be:
$SQL = "SELECT newsHeadline, DATE_FORMAT(newsDate, '%D %M %Y') FROM newsPosts";
There is a lot you can do in your SQL query with MySQL.
Hope this helps out.