I was just thinking of the way my ti-82 does it.
When you say graph I picture something that is on graph paper. So pull out a piece of graph paper and look at it (or just open excel)
x-min is the minimum x value that you will display
x-max is the maximum y value you will display
y-min/max are the same as x-min/max but on the opposite scale.
x/y-scale is the amount of space each square represents. So if these are both set to 1 then the graph goes displays all of the whole number points that fall into the plane defined by x-min/max and y-min/max.
so if you can change these 6 values you can zoom in and out. Basically what you're doing is playing with which plot points are displayed and how much space is between them.