I would prolly say using symbolic links -- less maintainence. If you're familiar with Windows, it's similar to a shortcut -- just points to a file, but you can call it whatever you want.
ln -s english.pdf Manual.pdf
If you did a list in unix you'd see something like:
-rwx------ 1045 Manual.pdf -> english.pdf
Where the real file (example.pdf) is pointed to by Manual.pdf -- both of these files don't have to be in the same directory, so if you had:
/var/www/html/project as your document root, you could have
/var/www/html/project/english_files
/var/www/html/project/french_files
You could exec("ln -s /var/www/html/project/english_files/manual.pdf /var/www/html/project/french_files/duex.pdf")
Check out php.net exec() function and 'man ln' in linux.