Here's what I think you'll need.
SSL or Shared SSL connection to securely receive customer info and or credit card information
For SSL you'll need a certificate. I've linked to a great resource below.
Now, after you've obtained the customer information, you can process it manually through your local POS terminal/software client.
OR sign up for a gateway (if I understand correctly, a gateway communicates with yoursite and your merchant, it does the credit card verification and then deposits to your merchant account).
I have done some researching for various merchant accounts and rates etc. Godaddy.com takes the cake!! The best deal I've seen for merchant accounts (atleast, for small businesses).
http://www.sslreview.com/content/table/index.htmlview rates here
e-mail w.murphy@godaddy.com and tell him I sent you.
Now, you can get your gateway from a number of places, but godaddy has affiliated with authorize.net and they can set you up with that too. There are complete instructions for connecting to the gateway on their site (they support both SSL and shared SSL)
Hope that helps some.