Yes it does. When the interpreter finds // it ignores the rest of the line (very very quick) when it finds a / it parses the data looking for nothing except a / and then continues normal parsing (not quite as quick)
However the time taken to parse the comments is far far far far far less than than the hours of extra development time needed to mod a script you wrote a year ago which has no comments.
My advice if you really don't want any comments is to have one line comment at the top of the page with the path to a copy of the script which contains comments.
Also, have you put it through one of the many optimizers available for PHP?
HTH & Good Luck
Bubble