Its passing variables from page to page. In this case it so happens to be the $GET method, "as mentioned above", instead of the $POST method. Both ways pass variables, its just that $GET passes them in the URL itself, whereas $POST passes them hiddenly. This is a nice way to set up a site where all the pages are "built into one". As far as using it, you would use it just like a regular variable, but would call it using
$_GET['variable'];
I am not sure what you mean by using this in a search engine.
Hope that helps,