The main issues in PHP development environments are the version of PHP you are using. The settings of that PHP (the php.ini). And the modules/extensions and mode (cgi, isapi) PHP is installed as and with.
Web servers play a smaller role as long as the PHP versions are the same.
Most of my problem is with PHP version issue. I develop in the most current version and then have problems deploying it on older PHP versions. I would try and stick to PHP 4.3.x if you want to be the most secure and update on functionality. But then if you dont have control over the server you might run across 4.1.x or 4.2.x servers out there. You can always code around the older versions.
I also develop on Windows and deploy on Linux, sometimes develop on Linux too.
In developing Web Applications in general I have created a PHP Reusable Web Framework (rwfPHP) that is Event Driven framework. I am having great succes using rwfPHP to build web applications that require multiple developers.
But here is a link to recent POST about PHP frameworks.
http://www.phpbuilder.com/board/showthread.php?threadid=10268214&goto=newpost