yes, most of it is correct except the top:
select * from table_users where [$_post"user_id"] = user_id;
wont work, plus you wont have any record of the query.
something like:
$query = "select * from table_users where user_id = '" . $_POST['user_id'] . "'";
$result = mysql_query($query);
will work. then to put all the results in textboxes
$data = mysql_fetch_array($result);
echo "<input type=\"text\" name=\"x\" value=\"{$data[0]}\"><br />\n";
just do that echo as many times as there are fields, and replace x with whatever the row contains, like username, or password...