Believe it or not, what I posted is the actual script. The only difference is that $varTest receives its value from an strpos call in the real script:
$varTest = strpos($bigString, "some_text");
That call returns a value of 1130, which is what I posted in my original logic. 1130 is returned, correctly, on both windows/iis and linux/apache, so the problem is definitely in the next step - the if evaluation.
Is it possible that the IIS or PHP configuration is corrupted or something? I mean, I just don't get. Anybody got any ideas? I had hoped it was just some setting that could be switched from on to off or vice versa...