To test, change this to a SELECT statement and check results:
SELECT CASE(max3 < 5 THEN \"2\", ((5 <= max3) AND (max3 < 10)) THEN \"1.8\",
((10 <= max3) AND (max3 < 20)) THEN \"1.5\", ((20 <= max3) AND (max3 < 50)) THEN \"1.2\", ((50 <= max3) AND (max3 < 80)) THEN \"1.1\",
(80 <= max3) THEN \"1\") from db
Adjust parens, etc, as needed, until you SELECT the results you want.
Then use the corrected CASE to UPDATE.
You might also add an ELSE case, like:
ELSE '99999'
and prove that the statement is processing through to the ELSE case.
You might also look up the BETWEEN syntax in MySQL
CASE(max3 BETWEEN 5 AND 10 THEN 1.8, max3 BETWEEN 10 AND 20 THEN 1.2 ....
etc.