you can use javascript to construct a link back to your php web page which tells it what data to get next.
e.g.
mypage?field1=data1&field2=data2&start=10&list=25&action=retrieve
then access those via $_GET array.
alternatively you can use output the data from php into a form and get the information from the form via $GET or $POST arrays.
I would think it generally best to use the form method as you are collecting the information as the user inputs it.
I am no expert, but I currently have a page where the user data is collected by form and posted. The different buttons the user can select (e.g. first, next, prev, last, retrieve, reset) use a small amount of javascript to set an action variable (e.g. mypage?action=next) and most of my state information is stored in $_SESSION.
I hope this makes sense. 🙂