As sidney said; the bcmath functions provide arbitrary precision. However, you'll be needing to store your numbers as strings of digits; as soon as you cast them into any numeric type that doesn't have sufficient precision you'll lose the less-significant digits. (Now matter how you cut it, you can only store a finite selection of numbers in 64 bits!)
To use sidney's earlier example:
$int='21474836481111115';
will work in bcmath functions, but
$int=21474836481111115;
will get converted to floating-point immediately and you'll have lost precision before it's even got to the functions.