Basically API is just that an Application Protocol Interface.
Its the means from one thing to talk to another, this is not just XML windows has an API (win32 API), which allows languages such a c/c++, .net etc use built in windows functions such as the GUIs, services etc.
You may try google on your last bit because I am not sure how an API to work with many different things would work from a software point of view. The web however is much different, well now anyway. You have XML which has bought a lot of new XML technologies, SOAP, RSS etc
I dont think there really is an API standard to be honest but I can be corrected cant I :glare:, mainly it comes down to developers and planning how the API will work what the Application/User/Tool will be able to use.