I assume this is a website, not just a email script to email your friends on there bday.
Create this table.
create table emails_sent (id PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, timestamp int(12), userid int(12), key (userid), key (timestamp));
(user id or user name)
Everytime a email is sent for the bday add to this table a row containing the user name/id and the time added.
Now add a check to make sure you only email each user once.
Also every time its run delete rows where the timestamp is greater then a day old.