Well, the knowledge-based part would boil down to a rule-based system. Units have pre-requisites, carry course credits, the degree requires x credits, certain subject combinations are mutually inclusive/exclusive, that sort of thing. Calling that 'intelligent' is stretching things.
Backend db depends on what you have available: PHP can talk to all but the most obscure.
Browser scripting: well what do you think it will be? Cobol?