this is a very basic page controller...
index.php
// url = [url]www.yourdomain.com/index.php?page=2[/url]
// get page content form request data
$page = isset( $_GET['page'] )?$_GET['page']:1;
include( 'page-header.html' );
include( 'page-' . $page . '.html' );
include( 'page-footer.html' );
page-header.html
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<a href="?page=1">home</a>
<a href="?page=2">page2</a>
<a href="?page=3">page3</a>
<a href="?page=4">page4</a>
<a href="?page=5">page5</a>
page-footer.html
</body>
</html>
page-1.html
<p>hello world</p>
page-2.html
<p>foobar</p>
of course your html can have whatever you want.
you get get more complex by storing pages in database, then your menu can be created dynamically.
note: this is a very basic idea, you can get as complex as you want.