Perhaps I don't understand completely, but in this case, what drew said is entirely incorrect.
If you're just retrieving one column, look at using [man]mysql_result/man. Are you only expecting 1 row? If so, you could retrieve the value like this:
$sql = "select ct_id from tbl_cart
WHERE ct_session_id = '$sid' AND pd_id = $productId";
$result =& dbQuery($sql);
$ct_id = mysql_result($result, 0);
When the third parameter for mysql_result() is blank (the field parameter), the first field in the result is given. Since you only select'd ct_id, this would be a way to retrieve the value of the first row in the result set without using array functions.