GET String is in the URL bar e.g.
url.php?test=var
GET can only retrieve the $_GET['test'] and var would be the output. Yes the QueryString has limitation on how many characters you can have within it this is to try and protect against malicious use.
POST on the other hand is used with FORMS and has a set memory allowed in the php.ini oh how much data can be processed in one POST method. In a phpinfo page you can view that by looking for post_max_size default setting to 8M.
If your going to be using forms your best to use the POST method especially bigger forms as there is a better chance that you wont get any errors such as URL to long. (Which It has slipped my mind on how many characters you can have).