I don't think so. The phpinfo() command will show you just about everything you can learn about the client - which isn't much, and can all be forged.
Looking at phpinfo() on some random site, I see that
$_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"] has a value of "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.7.12) Gecko/20050915 Firefox/1.0.7", which tells you my Operating System, my browser etc - so you could use that if it's populated. It may not always be.