Not sure exactly what you want to know, but I'll see if I can explain a little.
When you see the webpage.php?id=32, a page is passing a variable in the URL to another page.
In this example, you might have clicked on a title of a story, (record #32 in the D😎, and when you go to the page where you read the entire story, the page takes the id=32, filters it against the matching column in the DB, and retrieves the record that matches (id=32). It retrieves the entire record if need be, in this case being the title, story, author, etc., and recreates the page.
So, if you go back to the prior page and click another link, it may be linked to id=15, which would pull the record where id=15 from the DB, and display the results.
Make sense?