"Julian Date" is also used to refer to the practice of using the number of days in the year (1-365/366) instead of the month and day.
Anyway, there may be an easier way, but you could do something like (untested):
$year = substr($jdate, 0, 2);
$jday = substr($jdate, 3, 3);
$unixTime = strtotime('20'.$year.'-01-01 + ' . ($jday - 1) . ' days');
$date = date('Y-m-d', $unixTime);