Here's a link to the part of the MySQL documentation that discusses the details regarding AES_ENCRYPT.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/encryption-functions.html
However, let me sum it up for you as well. You will have to set the field type in MySQL to BLOB which is for binary data. As for the length of the field, here is how you calculate it:
16 * (trim(strlen($string) / 16) + 1)
I used PHP functions trim() and strlen() in the above example, but here is the excerpt from the MySQL documentation:
16 * (trunc(string_length / 16) + 1)
Hope that helps! Good luck!