It's hard to say whether PDO has the same level of control as JDBC, I guess it probably depends on the driver.
As for things such as different types of server-side cursor etc, PDO may support them, it's really down to the driver. There are driver-specific options which can be used.
Personally I'd say that PDO is a lot simpler than JDBC, but it supports at least most of the same stuff (per driver). Specificially, PDO does support server side cursors and prepared statements (as JDBC does).
I've not read the source code for any JDBC drivers, but I strongly suspect that a lot of the functionality in JDBC is emulated by most drivers anyway (Maybe some of them implement them using server-side stored procedures etc). Stuff like updateable result sets.
Mark