Well.. probably.
You could create a script that runs in the background and stores the image into memory. It could open a socket and listen for connections on that port, and sleep until there's activity. You would open a connection to that local port, send some command like "get" or whatever, and it would output the data across the socket to the PHP script that the user is accessing.
Fairly complicated, and this is only in theory. So, a shorter answer would be: yes, it's probably possible, but no, I wouldn't recommend it over using temp files on the harddrive.