Pehape wrote:what are these braces for ?
In your example, since all the variables are simple variables with word boundaries on either side, the braces (called "complex variable notation") are not necessary, though they won't hurt anything. But when using a variable name within a string literal where the parser might get confused, such as if it is an array or object reference or the variable name would butt up against another word, then the braces delineate the variable and allow the parser to know exactly where it begins and ends without having to close the quotes and use "." for concatenation:
$test = "This {$variable}runs into the next word.";
$test2 = "This string {$includes['an']['array']} in the middle."
$test3 = "It could {$also->be} an object attribute.";