It's impossible to say, because we don't know what is going to be passed to db_query().
What can be said is that it weakens security. You do not display to the world error messages that give details about the inner workings of your site. It's why the recommended display_errors setting in php.ini for production sites is "off". That goes for mysql_error() as well as PHP's errors.
Without the die() statements it has no impact on security one way or the other. With the die() statements it becomes an attack debugger.