I see it that way:
Lets say you can have one numerical parameter - temperature. Then a bunch of true/false parameters, like sweat, running nose, shivers.
So you can make a table in your database:
| Temperature_min | Temperature_max | sweat | running nose | shivers | name
| 35.5 | 36.2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | disease1
| 36.5 | 39.0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | disease2
| 38.2 | 42.0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | disease3
Now you can do searches for diseses:
SELECT name FROM diseases WHERE $temperature > Temperature_min AND $temperature < Temperature_max AND sweat=$has_sweat AND running_nose=$has_running_nose AND shivers=$has_shivers
The drawback is, that the structure is not flexible and adding one parameter would lead to restructuring your table.
You can try to divide information to different tables (for diseases, available parameters, parameter values etc.). But then you really need to dig into mysql queries to do some joins in order to retrieve information you need.