Well, mysqli and mysql are so close that you could use the same queries on both.
The most popular databases would be:
MySQL
MySQLi
PostgresSQL
MSSQL
Oracle
There are others like Firebird and others. Do note that there are differences between SQL syntaxes and what's supported and what's not. MySQL is kind of unique in certain areas, and as usual, MSSQL follows it's own rules. Your best bet would be to make sure all queries are compliant with SQL '99 standard, as most if not all modern RDMSes stick close to that standard.