the <textarea> tag needs a NAME.
it must be surrounded by a <form> tag which specifies a method (get or post) and also an action. a form's action attribute specifies the name of the php page which handles the form submission. like this...suppose this html is in a file called my_form.php
<form method="post" action="form_handler.php">
<textarea name="my_ta">
</textarea>
<input type="submit" name="submit" button="submit"
</form>
if you enter something in the textarea and click the submit button, the information is POSTed to a file called form_handler.php on your site in the same directory as my_form.php
form_handler.php can reference the data like this:
<?php
echo 'You said:' . $_POST['my_ta'];
?>