Check the manual for the official explanation of [man]func_get_args/man.
In this case it is assigning the values to an array $a which (if you use [man]print_r/manto view) looks like this.
Array
(
[0] => puppy
[1] => 17
[2] => Canada
)
This line
foreach($a AS $key => $value)
loops through then splits the array into key/value pairs. ie. key = [0] ,value = puppy.
The next line then outputs this
Slot:0 is puppy <br>Slot:1 is 17 <br>Slot:2 is Canada <br>
which if viewed in an HTML page looks like this
Slot:0 is puppy
Slot:1 is 17
Slot:2 is Canada